What is the opposite of 'munificence'?

The term 'munificence' refers to a very generous or lavish giving, often to an extravagant degree. Therefore, its opposite would embody the lack of generosity, selflessness, or willingness to give. 'Greed' captures this concept perfectly as it denotes an excessive desire for more than one needs or deserves, particularly in the context of wealth and possessions. Greed contrasts with the selfless nature of munificence, as it focuses on accumulation for oneself rather than giving to others.

In contrast, the other options—generosity, kindness, and charity—represent positive traits associated with giving and helping others, rather than indicating a lack of generosity or an unwillingness to share. Thus, they do not serve as opposites to munificence.