What term describes a feeling of anger caused by being offended?

The term that best describes a feeling of anger caused by being offended is umbrage. This word specifically conveys a sense of offense or annoyance, often in response to some perceived slight or insult. It derives from the Latin word "umbra," meaning "shade" or "shadow," suggesting a shadowy feeling of displeasure that can arise when someone feels wronged or disrespected.

In contrast, outrage refers to a strong reaction of anger or shock, but it doesn't necessarily imply that the emotion stems from personal offense. Indignation also involves anger but is typically associated with a broader sense of injustice rather than personal affront. Resentment conveys lingering bitterness or displeasure, often arising from feelings of being treated unfairly over time, rather than immediate offense. Thus, umbrage is the most suitable choice for capturing the specific nuance of feeling offended and angry as a direct response to that offense.