What term is used to describe a person who betrays their faith or allegiance?

The term "apostate" specifically refers to an individual who renounces or abandons their religious faith, political beliefs, or principles, thereby betraying their previous allegiance. This word encompasses a wide range of contexts, including religious, philosophical, and political scenarios, where an individual shifts their loyalty away from what they once professed or adhered to.

In contrast to the other options, which do not share this meaning, "apotheosis" refers to the elevation of someone to divine status or the highest point of development, thus having no connection to faith or allegiance. "Bedizen" means to dress or adorn in a showy or gaudy manner, and "arabesque" refers to a design characterized by intricate, flowing patterns often seen in art or architecture, neither of which pertain to the concept of betrayal or abandonment of belief. Hence, "apostate" is the only option that accurately captures the notion of betrayal in the context of faith or loyalty.