What term refers to someone who tries to please others to gain personal advantage?

The term that best describes someone who tries to please others for personal gain is "sycophant." A sycophant is specifically characterized by excessively flattering or ingratiating themselves with influential people to secure favor or advantages. While "toady" also refers to someone who flatters in a similar manner, it conveys a more specific form of servility, often implying a lack of independence or dignity in that behavior.

Both "sycophant" and "toady" share similarities in meaning, but "sycophant" is more commonly used in broader contexts involving manipulation for personal success. The other options, "contrarian" and "patron," do not relate to the dynamic of seeking personal advantage through flattery or ingratiation. A contrarian actively opposes prevailing opinions or trends, while a patron typically provides support or financial backing, which does not inherently suggest self-serving flattery. Therefore, "sycophant" aligns perfectly as the term that encapsulates the essence of flattering others for selfish benefits.